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{"id":649,"date":"2018-02-16T17:00:44","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T17:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/?p=649"},"modified":"2018-08-16T14:48:17","modified_gmt":"2018-08-16T14:48:17","slug":"la-acelga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/2018\/02\/16\/la-acelga\/","title":{"rendered":"La acelga"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Beta
Beta vulgaris<\/em> L. Lugar: Alicante (Marina Alta).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La acelga es una hortaliza, y dentro de este grupo pertenece al de hojas o verduras, como se explica en el post de VEGETALES<\/a>. \u00c9sta se puede encontrar de forma cultivada o silvestre; adem\u00e1s, recibe muchos nombres como acelga silvestre, acelgueta, \u201cbleda boscana\u201d, \u201cbleda borda\u201d u \u201cobscura\u201d, acelga marina, acelga brav\u00eda, etc. (1).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Desde el punto de vista hist\u00f3rico, la referencia m\u00e1s antigua que se tiene de esta hortaliza es del siglo IV a. C. por Arist\u00f3teles. Ya en la Edad Media, los \u00e1rabes empezaron a cultivarla, atribuy\u00e9ndole propiedades curativas. El bot\u00e1nico ruso Vav\u00edlov, en sus informes de 1951 ya mencion\u00f3 la acelga en las \u00e1reas del Mediterr\u00e1neo y Canarias (2, 8).<\/p>\n

La acelga pertenece a la familia Chenopodiaceae<\/em>. En cuanto a la especie la cosa se complica un poco. A continuaci\u00f3n, una breve explicaci\u00f3n de las especies desde el punto de vista cient\u00edfico-bot\u00e1nico:<\/p>\n

Beta vulgaris<\/em> L.: es aquella acelga que se puede comprar, se cultiva en los huertos, o se puede encontrar en bancales o jardines abandonados. Muestra hojas grandes, peciolo ancho y largo; mientras que las silvestres lo tienen m\u00e1s blanco y ancho (3).<\/p>\n

A esta especie pertenecen todas las formas de Beta<\/em> cultivadas, lo que significa que existe una gran variedad en sus caracteres vegetativos, por lo que cualquier tratamiento infraespec\u00edfico es complicado. La mayor\u00eda de formas y \u201ccultivarietates\u201d se pueden dividir en dos grupos (1):<\/p>\n

-Las de hojas m\u00e1s grandes y nerviaci\u00f3n central gruesa, con ra\u00edz de un di\u00e1metro menor a 3cm. De este tipo de acelga se consumen sus hojas b\u00e1sicamente, adem\u00e1s de su peciolo. Son la Beta vulgaris<\/em> L., y Beta hortensis<\/em> Mill. (1).<\/p>\n

-O bien, las que tienen hojas m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as y nerviaci\u00f3n central menos gruesa, con ra\u00edz fusiforme, gruesa y carnosa. Esta \u00faltima es la parte comestible, la cual, se usa para obtener az\u00facar, conocida como remolacha. Son la B. vulgaris<\/em> L., la B. esculenta<\/em> Salisb., la B. vulgaris<\/em> subsp, la Esculenta<\/em> (Salisb.) Cout., la B. rapa<\/em> Dumort., o la B. vulgaris<\/em> var. rapacea Willk. A pesar de que se utiliza principalmente su ra\u00edz, sus hojas y peciolo tambi\u00e9n, las cuales se denominan com\u00fanmente acelgas fantas\u00eda (1). Anta\u00f1o, cuando no ten\u00edan acelgas en el Altiplano granadino, utilizaban estas hojas como tal para los potajes, en su estado tierno y fresco.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Beta maritima<\/em> L. subsp. maritima<\/em>. Lugar: Alicante (Marina Alta).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La Beta maritima<\/em> L. subsp. maritima <\/em>es de la acelga silvestre o mar\u00edtima. Posee hojas peque\u00f1as, duras y un tallo poco le\u00f1oso. Sus h\u00e1bitats id\u00f3neos son acantilados costeros, arenales y zonas salinas del interior, sobre todo en el oeste y sur de Europa.\u00a0 La podemos ver en pr\u00e1cticamente todas las provincias de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica, siendo menos frecuente en las del centro (4, 5).<\/p>\n

La Beta macrocarpa <\/em>a diferencia de las otras acelgas, tiene unas hojas muy desarrolladas que llegan hasta la inflorescencia. Se la puede localizar en terrenos margosos, yesosos y arenales ruderalizados, muy cerca de la costa, as\u00ed como en zonas muy concretas, como las del sur de Europa, las del este\u00a0 Mediterr\u00e1neo, o las del norte de \u00c1frica. Tambi\u00e9n en Baleares, en zonas costeras del Levante, de Andaluc\u00eda, del Algarve y Extremadura (6).<\/p>\n

Los nutrientes m\u00e1s caracter\u00edsticos por 100gr de producto crudo son: 90gr de agua, 4.5gr de carbohidratos, 170mg de sodio, 378mg de potasio, 80mg de calcio, 81mg de magnesio, 43mg de f\u00f3sforo, 40\u00b5gr de yodo, 22\u00b5gr de \u00e1cido f\u00f3lico o vitamina B9, 35mg de vitamina C y 183\u00b5gr equivalentes de vitamina A (7). Una raci\u00f3n de acelgas en crudo corresponde a unos 150gr. Hervidas, ser\u00eda el tama\u00f1o de un plato peque\u00f1o, sin embargo, menguan mucho. Se pueden tomar diariamente, alternando con otras verduras de hoja verde.<\/p>\n

Cabe destacar el contenido en vitamina A, ya que se trata de un producto con una elevada cantidad de dicha vitamina, junto a otras muchas hortalizas como la alcachofa, el apio verde, la coliflor, el esp\u00e1rrago verde, las espinacas, las jud\u00edas vedes, la lechuga de hoja alargada, la col lombarda, la patata, el pepino, el pimiento rojo, el pimiento verde, el puerro, el repollo blanco, el tomate de ensalada, la zanahoria, etc. (7).<\/p>\n

Debido a que se pueden encontrar acelgas silvestres cerca del mar y en zonas margosas, el contenido en yodo puede verse incrementado, as\u00ed como el de sodio y potasio.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Beta macrocarpa<\/em>. Lugar: Alicante (Marina Alta).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Estas se pueden consumir en crudo, cuando se trata de hojas tiernas y j\u00f3venes en una ensalada, por ejemplo. No obstante, se suelen comer cocinadas, bien hervidas, fritas, rehogadas, en potajes, etc. En la Comunidad Valenciana se suelen consumir junto con otras hojas silvestres, como el diente de le\u00f3n, o las hort\u00edgas, entre otras. Se recolectan las hierbas, se rehogan, y se envuelven con masa de empanadillas. Ahora bien, es preferible consumirlas en crudo, ya que existe p\u00e9rdida vitam\u00ednico-mineral tras el cocinado. Una buena opci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como la m\u00e1s correcta, es bebernos o tomarnos el caldo en el que hayamos hervido el producto, con la intenci\u00f3n de disminuir la p\u00e9rdida anteriormente comentada, ya que algunas vitaminas y minerales se quedan en el agua.<\/p>\n

Bibliograf\u00eda y Webgraf\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La acelga es una hortaliza, y dentro de este grupo pertenece al de hojas o verduras, como se explica en el post de VEGETALES. \u00c9sta se puede encontrar de forma cultivada o silvestre; adem\u00e1s, recibe muchos nombres como acelga silvestre, acelgueta, \u201cbleda boscana\u201d, \u201cbleda borda\u201d u \u201cobscura\u201d, acelga marina, acelga brav\u00eda, etc. (1).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,6],"tags":[60,117,116,61,63,118],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=649"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":903,"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions\/903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.naturalezanutritiva.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}